Exploring the Ancient Ruins of Mihintale Puvarasankulama Anula Devi Chethiya

Nestled near the sacred Mihintale, the Puvarasankulama Anula Devi Chethiya remains one of Sri Lanka’s lesser-known yet historically significant archaeological sites. While pilgrims and tourists flock to Mihintale’s Aradhana Rock, Kaludiya Pokuna, and Rajagiri Caves, this ancient nunnery complex is rooted in Buddhist heritage.

A Glimpse into History

According to the Archaeological Department, this site is believed to be the ruins of a temple built by Queen Viharamaha Devi in the 2nd century BCE. More importantly, it is associated with Queen Anula Devi, the chief queen of Sub-King Mahanaga (brother of King Devanampiyatissa) and Sri Lanka’s first Buddhist nun.

After Arahant Mahinda Thero introduced Buddhism to Sri Lanka, Queen Anula and 500 women attained the state of "Sowan" (stream-enterer) by listening to his teachings. However, since Buddhist monastic ordination for women required a bhikkhuni (nun), Mahinda Thero’s sister, Theri Sanghamitta, arrived in 249 BCE with a sapling of the Sacred Bodhi Tree, establishing the Bhikkhuni Sasana (Order of Nuns).

The Archaeological Site

Spread across 4 acres, the ruins are centered around a rocky plateau and include:

1. The Anula Devi Stupa

  • Located 246 meters from the southern edge of the rock.
  • Built on a raised platform to level the uneven rock surface.
  • Features two entrances (south and west) and a circumference of 118 meters.
  • Recent excavations (since December 2021) uncovered a crystal casket with relics, among other treasures.

2. The Rock Inscription

  • Measures 4.2m x 4.2m.
  • Believed to be from the reign of King Kanittha Tissa (164-192 CE).
  • Mentions donations to Anula-Tissa-Pabbata Viharaya, linked to Abhayagiri Monastery.
  • Records land grants, tank revenues, and offerings for the upkeep of the monastery.

3. Surrounding Structures

  • First Building (14.4m x 11.0m) – East of the stupa.
  • Second Building (11m x 8m) – West of the rock pond.
  • Additional ruins are further north.

4. The Rock Pond

  • 58 meters from the stupa.
  • Constructed by reinforcing a natural slope with a 2-meter-high bund.

Why Visit Anula Devi Chethiya?

  • Historical Significance – One of the earliest Buddhist nunneries in Sri Lanka.
  • Archaeological Marvel – Ancient stupa, inscriptions, and monastic ruins.
  • Serene Atmosphere – Less crowded, offering a peaceful exploration experience.

Final Thoughts

While Mihintale’s main attractions draw large crowds, the Puvarasankulama Anula Devi Chethiya offers a quieter, deeply spiritual journey into Sri Lanka’s Buddhist heritage. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a pilgrim, or a curious traveler, this hidden gem is well worth a visit.

Have you been to Anula Devi Chethiya? Share your experiences in the comments!


Location: Anula Devi Rd, Mihintale, Sri Lanka

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