Korawakgala: The Wingstones of Ancient Sri Lankan Architecture

The Korawakgala, or Wingstones, are an integral part of the architectural grandeur of ancient Sri Lanka. These stone balustrades, found on either side of staircases leading to religious buildings, are one of the three iconic entrance features of Buddhist structures, alongside the Sandakada Pahana (Moonstone) and the Muragala (Guardstones). Over time, the Korawakgala evolved from simple, plain structures to elaborate works of art, showcasing the creativity and spiritual symbolism of ancient Sinhalese craftsmen. Let’s explore the history, evolution, and significance of these fascinating architectural elements.

What is a Korawakgala?

The Korawakgala, also known as Wingstones, are stone balustrades that flank the staircases leading to the entrances of temples and other religious buildings. Along with the Moonstone and Guardstones, they form a trio of architectural features that define the entrances of most Buddhist structures in Sri Lanka.

The Evolution of the Korawakgala

The Korawakgala underwent a remarkable transformation over the centuries, evolving from simple, functional structures to highly decorative and symbolic elements. Here’s a look at their evolution:

Early Stages

  • Wooden Structures: The earliest Korawakgalas were made of wood and were plain, with no decorations.
  • Brick Construction: Over time, bricks were used to construct these balustrades. These bricks were molded into curved shapes but remained undecorated.

Transition to Stone

  • Simple Stone Plaques: As architecture advanced, stone replaced bricks. Initially, these stone plaques were plain, with only a few geometric lines to highlight their shape.
  • Floral Designs: Later, the Korawakgalas began to feature intricate floral designs, with flowers and leaves entangled together, adding a touch of elegance and artistry.

The Makaragala (Dragonstones)

The most advanced stage of the Korawakgala’s evolution is the Makaragala or Dragonstone. These balustrades feature a Makara, a mythological creature that combines the body parts of various animals, each symbolizing a specific strength or characteristic:

  • Elephant's Trunk: Represents dexterity.
  • Lion's Paws: Symbolize strength.
  • Crocodile's Jaw: Demands respect.
  • Boar's Ears: Represent acute hearing.
  • Fish's Body: Symbolizes movement.
  • Peacock's Tail Feathers: Depict splendid beauty.

The makara is often depicted breathing flames from its mouth, adding a dramatic and mystical element to the design. In some cases, the outer and inner walls of the Korawakgala were heavily carved, though inner wall decorations are rare.

Symbolism and Significance

The Korawakgala, especially in its makara form, is rich in symbolism:

  • Protection: The makara, as a mythological guardian, symbolizes protection and warding off evil.
  • Strength and Beauty: The combination of animal features represents the ideal qualities of strength, agility, and beauty.
  • Spiritual Journey: The placement of the Korawakgala at the entrance of religious buildings signifies the transition from the mundane world to the sacred, guiding devotees on their spiritual journey.

Notable Examples

One of the most famous examples of Korawakgala can be found at the Lankatilaka Viharaya in Kandy. The balustrades at its main entrance are sometimes referred to as Gajasinha Balustrades due to the unique shape of the Makara depicted there.

Artistic and Cultural Legacy

The Korawakgala is a testament to the artistic and spiritual ingenuity of ancient Sri Lankan architects and craftsmen. Their evolution from simple wooden planks to elaborately carved stone balustrades reflects the cultural and religious developments of the time. Today, they stand as enduring symbols of Sri Lanka's rich architectural heritage.

Conclusion

The Korawakgala, or Wingstones, are more than just architectural features; they are guardians of history, spirituality, and artistry. From their humble beginnings as plain wooden structures to their transformation into intricately carved stone masterpieces, the Korawakgala offers a glimpse into the cultural and religious life of ancient Sri Lanka.

Next time you visit a Buddhist temple or sacred site in Sri Lanka, take a moment to appreciate the Korawakgala – these silent sentinels that have stood the test of time, guiding and protecting devotees on their spiritual journey.

Have you encountered Korawakgala during your travels? Share your experiences and thoughts in the comments below!


THE AUTHOR BY: I.D.M.V.B.ILANGANTHILAKA 

https://www.youtube.com/@StellarPath0722

https://www.pinterest.com/wimukthibi/_pins/

https://www.youtube.com/@SkylineNook-z7y

Location: Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka

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