Thuparamaya: The First Stupa of Sri Lanka and a Sacred Buddhist Legacy

Nestled in the ancient city of Anuradhapura, Thuparamaya is a testament to Buddhism's introduction to Sri Lanka. Built during the reign of King Devanampiyatissa (250 BCE – 210 BCE), this stupa is not only the oldest in the country but also one of the most significant religious sites in Buddhist history. As the first stupa constructed after the arrival of Buddhism, Thuparamaya holds a special place in the hearts of devotees and historians alike.

A Stupa Steeped in History

Thuparamaya was built under the guidance of Mahinda Thero, the Buddhist monk who brought Buddhism to Sri Lanka. The stupa was designed to enshrine the sacred right collarbone relic of Lord Buddha, a gift from Sakra, the king of the gods. According to the Mahavamsa, the Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka, Buddha blessed this site himself during his third visit to Kelaniya. As a result, Thuparamaya is revered as one of the Solosmasthana (the 16 sacred sites) and Atamasthana (the eight most sacred sites in Anuradhapura).

The construction of the stupa is surrounded by fascinating legends. When the relic was brought to the site by an elephant, the animal refused to lower it to the ground. Mahinda Thero explained that the elephant would only release the relic at a height equal to its back. King Devanampiyatissa quickly ordered the construction of a mound using dry clay from the Abhaya Wewa (Basawakkulama Wewa). Once the mound reached the required height, the elephant deposited the relic, and the stupa was built around it.

Architectural Marvels and Renovations

Thuparamaya has undergone numerous renovations and additions over the centuries, reflecting its enduring importance. Originally shaped like a paddy heap (Dhanyakara), the stupa was later transformed into a bell shape (Ghantakara) during its renovation in 1862. The current structure stands 63 feet tall, with a base diameter of 40 feet 6 inches and a hemispherical dome rising 11 feet 6 inches above the basement.

One of the most unique architectural features of Thuparamaya is the Vatadage (Stupa House), added by King Vashaba in the 1st century CE. This circular structure, supported by concentric rings of decorated stone pillars, once housed the stupa entirely. Although only ruins remain today, the four concentric circles of stone pillars still evoke the grandeur of the original design.

Throughout history, Thuparamaya has been restored and embellished by various kings, including King Lanjatissa, King Dhatusena, and King Parakramabahu the Great. Each ruler contributed to the stupa's preservation, adding golden casings, silver strips, and other treasures. Unfortunately, the stupa was also plundered by invaders, including the Pandyans and Cholas, who looted its precious ornaments.

The Sacred Complex

The Thuparamaya complex covers nearly 3.5 acres and includes several significant structures. A majestic entrance on the southeast side leads into a square walled area. Inside, visitors can explore the ruins of the Bodhigara (Bo Tree House), once mistaken for the tomb of Mahinda Thero. Nearby stands the Padalanchana Stupa, believed to mark the spot where the footprints of the four Buddhas of this aeon were left.

To the left of the stupa lies the conserved remains of a magnificent edifice, originally thought to be the Dalada-Ge (House of the Tooth Relic). However, it has since been identified as the Image House of the Thuparamaya Monastery. This structure, built by King Devanampiyatissa, continues to captivate explorers and historians with its intricate design and historical significance.

A Living Legacy

Today, Thuparamaya remains a vital pilgrimage site for Buddhists and a treasure trove for archaeologists. Its ancient ruins, including the stone pillars and guardstones, offer a glimpse into the architectural brilliance of early Sri Lankan civilization. The stupa's enduring presence serves as a reminder of the island's deep-rooted connection to Buddhism and its rich cultural heritage.

As you walk through the sacred grounds of Thuparamaya, you can almost feel the echoes of history—the footsteps of kings, the chants of monks, and the devotion of countless pilgrims. It is a place where the past and present converge, inviting visitors to reflect on the timeless teachings of the Buddha and the enduring spirit of Sri Lanka's Buddhist legacy.

Plan Your Visit

If you're planning a trip to Anuradhapura, make sure to include Thuparamaya on your itinerary. This ancient stupa, with its rich history and serene atmosphere, offers a unique opportunity to connect with Sri Lanka's spiritual and cultural roots. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a devout Buddhist, or simply a curious traveler, Thuparamaya promises an unforgettable experience.


 THE AUTHOR BY : I.D.M.V.B.ILANGANTHILAKA 

https://www.youtube.com/@StellarPath0722

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Location: 994W+4HQ, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka

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